Routine Immunization - UIP

I. The Immunization Programme in India – UIP (Universal Immunization Programme)

India’s Immunization programme is one of the largest public health programmes in the world. Launched as Expanded programme on Immunization in 1978, it was renamed as Universal Immunization programme in 1985 when it was expanded beyond urban areas. 

Under UIP, Immunization is being provided free of cost against 12 Vaccine Preventable diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella, severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis, Rotavirus (diarrhoea), Hepatitis B, Meningitis & Pneumonia caused by Hemophilus Influenza type B and Pneumococcal Pneumonia and sub-nationally against 1 disease - Japanese Encephalitis (JE vaccine is provided only in endemic districts). 

Beneficiaries under UIP 

• All children under 5 years of age, 10 and 16 years
• All Pregnant Women 

Scope of UIP 

• India has one of the largest Universal Immunization Programs (UIP) in the world in terms of the quantities of vaccines used, number of beneficiaries covered, geographical spread and human resources involved. 

• Under the UIP, all vaccines are given free of cost to the beneficiaries as per the National Immunization Schedule. 

• All beneficiaries’ namely pregnant women and children can get themselves vaccinated at the nearest Government/Private health facility or at an immunization session site (Anganwadicentres/ other identified sites) near to their village/urban locality on fixed days. 

• The UIP covers all sections of the society across the country with the same high quality vaccines. 

Objectives: 

The stated objectives of UIP are: 

• To rapidly increase immunization coverage.
• To improve the quality of services.
• To establish a reliable cold chain system to the health facility level.
• Monitoring of performance.
• To achieve self-sufficiency in vaccine production. 

Milestones in India’s Immunization Programme 

I.I National Immunization Schedule

Under the UIP, vaccines are provided to prevent the following VPDs:

• Diphtheria
• Pertussis
• Tetanus
• Polio
• Measles
• Tuberculosis
• Hepatitis B
• Haemophilus Influenzae Type B related diseases (bacterial meningitis, pneumonia and others)
• Japanese Encephalitis
• Encephalitis
• Diarrhoeas due to rotavirus
• Rubella
• Pneumococcal disease

The goal of Universal Immunization Programme is to reach out to the following beneficiaries:

The National Immunization Schedule is as follows:

Manipur achievement India Achievement

 NFHS-5 (2019-21)– State Wise % FI (12-23 m)

Comparison of NHFS 4 and NFHS 5 data on Full Immunization coverage

I.II Cold Chain and Logistics Management

The following are the number of cold chain points and vaccine stores available in the state:

Total vaccine stores and cold chain points of Manipur = 1+16+120 = 137

I.III Meetings and trainings: 

A. Trainings 

B. Meetings

Flagship programs under Routine Immunization 

I.I Mission Indradhanush 

As a strategic endeavour, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, launched Mission Indradhanush in December 2014. The Mission focuses on interventions to improve full immunization coverage for children in India from 65% in 2014 to at least 90% over the next five years through special catch-up drives. The targeted beneficiaries are mainly those who has been left out and dropped out during the Routine Immunisation Programme.

Below are the latest achievement of Intensified Mission Indradhanush 5.0, covering children upto 5 years of age (including Routine Immunisation during the IMI 5.0 week): 

I.2 NID (Pulse Polio Immunization Programme) 

India has been free of polio for more than a decade, with the last case of wild poliovirus reported on 13^th January 2011. India was declared to be polio-free by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 27^thMarch 2014. However, India continues to remain vigilant to prevent re-entry of the poliovirus into the country from neighbouring countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan, where wild poliovirus continues to cause the disease.

India conducts one nationwide NID and two Sub-National Immunization Day (SNIDs) for polio every year to maintain population immunity against wild poliovirus and to sustain its polio free status. During the Polio NID, it will be conducted across all 36 States and UTs in 735 districts. During the drive, polio drops will be provided to children through polio booths across the country. The booth activities will be followed by house-to-house surveillance (mop-up rounds) over the next two to five days to identify and vaccinate children who missed getting vaccinated at the booths. Vaccination teams have also been deployed at bus terminals, railway stations, airports and ferry crossings to vaccinate children in transit to ensure no child misses the life-saving dose.

Below is the latest achievement of NID for the year 2022: 

I.3 COVID Vaccination: 

COWIN PORTAL IN COVID-19 MASS VACCINATION 

• From 16^TH January 2021, it has started covid-19 mass vaccination drive to contain the pandemic using CoWIN portal.
• Co-WIN is a state of art digital solution from the Govt of India to achieve universal vaccination against CoVID-19.

Supports to the state:

• Capacity Building: State has conducted series of trainings for state level officials, district level staff, health workers, front line workers, NGOs, Club members, CSO members, local leaders etc.
• Successfully trained more than 1000 trainees on COWIN portal both in personal as well as in virtual mode.
• Monitoring: State has been actively involved in monitoring at session sites of Covid-19 vaccination ensuring technical supports in case of need.
• Advocacy: State has been actively involved in advocacy and mobilization activities of Covid-19 vaccination specially at vaccine hesitancy, resistance, and refusal pocket.

CoVID-19 vaccination